로마제국 시대에 밧모섬은 정치·종교 중범자들의 유배처였는데 한번 들어가면 살아나오기 힘든 생지옥이었다. 예수의 제자 중 유일하게 순교하지 않은 사도 요한은 도미티아누스 황제 때 이 섬으로 유배됐다가(주후 95년께·계1:9) 도미티아누스가 죽은 후 석방돼 96년 에베소로 귀향하였다고 한다. 이곳 전승에 의하면 요한은 돌을 깨는 일에 동원되었다고 한다. 아직도 이곳 채석장에서는 돌을 생산하고 있다.
밧모섬에 기독교가 정착하게 된 것은 바로 요한수도원이 세워지면서부터다. 이 수도원이 세워지면서 다른 많은 수도원과 교회들이 속속 세워졌고 수도사들의 학문 연구를 위해서 도서관도 세워졌다. 1453년 이후 터키인들의 침략을 막기 위해 로마 교황청의 지원을 받기도 했으나 16세기에는 터키 지배하에 들어갔다. 그러다가 1912년 이탈리아에 귀속되었다가 1947년 그리스에 양도되어 오늘에 이르고 있다. 오늘날 이곳에는 뜨거운 태양과 물이 귀한 기후 때문에 약간의 곡식과 채소,포도가 재배될 뿐이다.
요한수도원을 내려와 남쪽길로 항구에 내려오면 엘리야 기념교회가 산 중턱에 자리해 있으며 오른쪽에는 요한신학교가 있다. 요한신학교는 1713년에 창건되었고 그리스정교회 신학교 중 뛰어난 사제들을 배출한 우수한 신학교다.
기독교가 로마 황제에게 극심한 박해를 받던 어두운 시기에 사도 요한은 이곳 밧모섬에서 유배 생활을 하던 중 인류의 미래를 보여주는 계시를 받고 요한계시록을 기술했다. 요한게시록은 오늘날 우리는 미래가 하나님의 손에 있음을 알게 한다. 그것은 하나님 나라를 갈망하는 모든 신앙인에게 결코 포기할 수 없는 희망의 메시지다. 마라나타! 아멘 주 예수여 오시옵소서(계 22:20).
Welcome to Patmos Island, a place of profound historical and spiritual significance. As your pilgrimage guide, let me share with you the fascinating stories associated with Apostle John and the insights he received during his exile on this very island.
Apostle John on Patmos:
Apostle John, one of the twelve disciples of Jesus Christ, found himself on Patmos during the reign of Emperor Domitian (around A.D. 95). He was exiled here as a result of his unwavering faith and teachings in Christianity. Patmos, once a place of exile for political and religious offenders, became the setting where a significant event unfolded in Christian history.
The Book of Revelation:
During his time on Patmos, Apostle John experienced a series of profound visions, which he recorded in what is now known as the Book of Revelation. This final book of the New Testament offers a glimpse into the future, portraying the triumph of good over evil and conveying messages of hope, faith, and perseverance.
Key Themes:
a. Letters to Seven Churches: The book begins with letters addressed to seven churches in Asia Minor, offering guidance and encouragement to these early Christian communities.
In the opening chapters of the Book of Revelation, Apostle John addresses seven specific churches located in
various cities of Asia Minor (modern day Turkey). These churches were real communities of early Christians
facing unique challenges and opportunities. The letters to these churches serve as both historical documents and timeless messages of guidance and encouragement for all Christian communities throughout the ages.
Each letter follows a similar structure, presenting commendations, criticisms, and exhortations.
Ephesus (Revelation 2:1-7):
The letter to the church in Ephesus commends their hard work and perseverance in contending with false teachings and deeds. However, it addresses the issue of losing their initial love for Christ. They are encouraged to remember their first
love and to repent and return to their original fervor.
Smyrna (Revelation 2:8-11):
The church in Smyrna receives a letter of comfort and encouragement as they face severe persecution and poverty.
Despite their tribulations, they are reminded of the eternal rewards awaiting those who remain faithful to the end.
Pergamum (Revelation 2:12-17):
The church in Pergamum is praised for holding fast to their faith in a city known for its pagan influences.
However, they are reproved for tolerating false teachings and immoral practices. The letter urges them to repent and
stay faithful to the true teachings of Christ.
Thyatira (Revelation 2:18-29):
The letter to Thyatira addresses their deeds of love, faith, service, and patient endurance. However, they are chastised
for tolerating a false prophetess who leads others astray. The church is called to reject false teachings and hold fast to
what they have until Christ returns.
Sardis (Revelation 3:1-6):
The church in Sardis receives a warning about their reputation of being alive while spiritually dead. They are exhorted to wake up, strengthen their remaining faith, and repent from their shortcomings.
Philadelphia (Revelation 3:7-13):
The church in Philadelphia is praised for their faithfulness and endurance. They are promised an open door that no one
can shut, indicating divine opportunities and blessings for their faithfulness.
Laodicea (Revelation 3:14-22):
The letter to Laodicea addresses their lukewarmness and self-sufficiency. They are urged to recognize their true spiritual condition and turn to Christ for genuine spiritual wealth.
These letters serve as a means of encouragement, correction, and guidance for the early Christian communities.
They demonstrate that God is intimately aware of each church's unique circumstances and challenges.
The letters' teachings emphasize the need for steadfastness, faithfulness, and repentance,
while also offering the promise of reward and eternal life for those who overcome.
b. Heavenly Visions: John describes heavenly scenes, including the throne of God, angels, and celestial worship, showcasing the awe-inspiring grandeur of the divine realm.
As you explore the pages of the Book of Revelation, you will encounter breathtaking and awe-inspiring heavenly visions described by Apostle John. These visions provide a glimpse into the divine realm, where the splendor and majesty of God are unveiled before our eyes. Let me share with you some of the remarkable heavenly scenes portrayed in this sacred text:
The Throne of God: One of the most captivating visions that John describes is the majestic throne of God. This celestial
throne is at the center of heavenly worship and radiates brilliance and glory. Surrounding the throne, there are flashes of
lightning, rumblings, and peals of thunder, depicting the power and authority of the Almighty (Revelation 4:2-5).
The Four Living Creatures and the Elders: In the heavenly visions, John witnesses four living creatures,
each with distinct features - the lion, the calf, the face of a man, and the flying eagle. These creatures represent the
various aspects of creation and join the twenty-four elders in ceaseless adoration of God (Revelation 4:6-11).
The Lamb of God: Amidst the heavenly throne, John sees a Lamb that appears as though it had been slain.
This symbolizes Jesus Christ, who is described as the Lamb of God, the ultimate sacrifice for humanity's redemption.
The Lamb holds great significance in the celestial worship, and all creation offers adoration and praise to Him (Revelation 5:6-14).
The Seven Seals: John witnesses the opening of seven seals, revealing a series of events that unfold in the end times.
These events symbolize God's judgments and the unfolding of His divine plan. The imagery of the seals portrays both
earthly and heavenly phenomena (Revelation 6).
The Heavenly Worship and the Multitude: In one of the most moving visions, John describes a great multitude from every nation, tribe, people, and language standing before the throne and the Lamb. This vast assembly engages in unceasing worship, praising God for His salvation and glory (Revelation 7:9-12).
The Heavenly Temple and the Ark of the Covenant: John witnesses the opening of the heavenly temple, and he sees the Ark of the Covenant, a symbol of God's presence and covenant with His people.
The heavenly temple signifies the holiness and sanctity of God's dwelling (Revelation 11:19).
The New Jerusalem: In the final chapters of Revelation, John describes the New Jerusalem, a heavenly city with streets
of gold, gates of pearl, and foundations adorned with precious stones. This heavenly city represents the ultimate dwelling place of the faithful, a place of eternal communion with God (Revelation 21).
These heavenly visions in the Book of Revelation offer pilgrims like you a profound and awe-inspiring experience. As you reflect on these celestial scenes, let the grandeur and splendor of the divine realm fill you with a sense of wonder and reverence. The heavenly worship depicted in the book reminds us of the eternal praise offered to God by all creation.
c. The Apocalypse: The Book of Revelation unveils the end times, the Second Coming of Jesus Christ, the Last Judgment, and the establishment of God's eternal kingdom.
The Apocalypse, as described in the Book of Revelation, is a concept deeply rooted in Christian theology and
eschatology. It refers to a series of prophetic events that will unfold at the end of human history,
leading to the establishment of God's eternal kingdom. Let's explore the key elements of the Apocalypse theory as guided in the Book of Revelation:
The End Times:
The Apocalypse theory centers around the belief that there will be a definitive end to human history as we know it.
It is believed that a period of great tribulation and turmoil will occur, marking the final phase of humanity's existence on
Earth. This period is often referred to as the "End Times" or "Last Days."
The Second Coming of Jesus Christ:
One of the central events in the Apocalypse theory is the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. According to Christian belief,
Jesus, who ascended to heaven after His resurrection, will return to Earth in glory and power. His Second Coming
is seen as a moment of great hope and anticipation for believers, as He will establish His kingdom and reign as King of Kings and Lord of Lords.
The Last Judgment:
The Apocalypse theory teaches that following the Second Coming of Christ, there will be a "Last Judgment." During this
judgment, all human beings who have ever lived will be held accountable for their actions and beliefs. It is a moment of
divine judgment when God will separate the righteous from the wicked, determining the eternal fate of each soul.
The Establishment of God's Eternal Kingdom:
At the culmination of the Apocalypse, God's eternal kingdom will be established. This kingdom is often referred to as the
"New Heaven and New Earth" in Christian theology. It is a realm of peace, righteousness, and eternal communion with
God. In this new era, there will be no more pain, suffering, or death, and believers will experience the fullness of God's
presence and love.
The Book of Revelation, authored by Apostle John during his exile on Patmos, presents a vivid and symbolic account of
these end-time events. The visions and prophecies in the book describe a series of seals, trumpets, and bowls that are opened, signifying the unfolding of God's divine plan leading to the end of the age.
While the Apocalypse theory has been the subject of various interpretations and debates throughout history,
its underlying message remains a call to faithfulness, repentance, and hope for believers. It urges individuals to be
prepared for the return of Christ and the final judgment, encouraging them to live lives of holiness and devotion to God.
d. Symbolic Language: The book uses symbolic and allegorical language to convey its messages, which can be both
captivating and challenging to interpret.
The Book of Revelation employs rich and intricate symbolic language to convey its messages and visions. This symbolic and allegorical approach adds depth and layers of meaning to the text, making it both captivating and challenging to
interpret. Here are some key aspects of the symbolic language used in the book:
Apocalyptic Imagery:
Apocalyptic literature, of which the Book of Revelation is a prime example, often uses vivid and dramatic imagery to
portray spiritual truths and prophetic events. These images go beyond literal descriptions and tap into the realm of the
supernatural, depicting divine mysteries and heavenly realities.
Numbers and Patterns:
Numbers play a significant role in the book's symbolism. For example, the number seven is frequently used, representing completeness and divine perfection. The repetition of numbers and patterns contributes to the overall symbolism and
reinforces the divine order underlying the events described.
Animals and Creatures:
Various animals and mythical creatures appear throughout the book, each carrying symbolic significance. The Lamb of
God, for instance, represents Jesus Christ and His sacrificial role, while other creatures may symbolize spiritual forces
or attributes.
Colors:
Colors are used symbolically to convey specific meanings. For example, white symbolizes purity and victory, while red
may signify bloodshed or persecution. The use of colors adds depth to the imagery and enhances the book's messages.
Seals, Trumpets, and Bowls:
The visions in the Book of Revelation are presented in a sequence of seals, trumpets, and bowls, each representing
different stages of God's unfolding plan. These symbolic elements contribute to the book's structure and offer insights
into divine judgments and events.
Symbolic Characters and Figures:
The book features symbolic characters and figures, such as the Woman clothed with the sun and the Dragon.
These figures represent spiritual realities, historical events, or cosmic forces engaged in a cosmic battle between good
and evil.
Interpreting the symbolic language of the Book of Revelation can be both captivating and challenging due to its depth
and complexity. Scholars and theologians have offered various interpretations throughout history, leading to a diversity
of understandings among different Christian traditions.
As a pilgrimage guide, I encourage you to approach the symbolic language with an open heart and a willingness to seek deeper meanings beyond the surface. Allow the symbolism to evoke emotions and contemplation, drawing you closer to
the profound mysteries of God's plan for humanity.
While some elements of the book's symbolism may remain enigmatic, the central message of hope, faith,
and God's ultimate victory shines through. It is a call to persevere in faith and trust in God's sovereignty,
even in the face of tribulation and uncertainty.
Today, you have the opportunity to visit the places associated with Apostle John's time on Patmos and the writing of the
Book of Revelation:
The Revelation Cave:
The Revelation Cave, nestled on the mountainside, holds deep significance as the place where Apostle John is believed
to have received his divine revelations. Here, take a moment to envision the spiritual experience that unfolded as John
communed with God. Inside the cave, you'll find a rock that tradition holds was cracked by John during this
awe-nspiring encounter. Embrace the profound sense of connection to this pivotal moment in Christian history as you stand in this hallowed space.
St. John's Monastery:
High above the village of Hora stands the majestic St. John's Monastery, an enduring symbol of faith and devotion.
Built in 1088 to honor Apostle John, the monastery is fortified like a castle to protect against pirate raids in ancient times.
Inside, you'll discover a treasure trove of rare Bibles, valuable artifacts, and the world-famous icon of John holding an open book of Revelation. As you explore this holy site, allow its ancient walls to whisper tales of centuries of devotion and scholarly pursuit.
Elijah Memorial Church and John's Theological Seminary:
Further down the road from St. John's Monastery, you'll encounter the Elijah Memorial Church, another significant
religious site on Patmos. Its tranquil setting provides a serene space for contemplation and reflection. Adjacent to the
church stands John's Theological Seminary, founded in 1713, and renowned for producing outstanding Greek Orthodox
priests. Engage with the rich academic tradition that has nurtured generations of faithful scholars.
As you explore Patmos Island, take a moment to reflect on the profound messages of hope and faith conveyed in the
Book of Revelation. Let this experience deepen your understanding of Christianity's enduring impact and the timeless
themes of God's sovereignty and love for humanity.
May your time on Patmos be filled with enlightenment, peace, and a renewed sense of connection to your beliefs.
If you have any questions or need further guidance, feel free to ask. Enjoy your pilgrimage on this sacred island. Maranatha! Amen
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